Total Physical Response
Total Physical Response (TPR) is a teaching method based on the idea that a new language can be learned through actions.
We all have preferences for the sensory system we rely on to process information. Some people prefer the visual system. Others prefer the auditory system. Others still prefer the kinesthetic system.
TPR is particularly relevant to kinesthetic learners, that is, people who learn best when they can participate in an activity.
TPR is a method that combines information and skills through the use of the kinesthetic sensory system. This combination of skills allows the student to assimilate information and skills at a rapid rate. As a result, this success leads to a high degree of motivation.
TPR is based on the principle that we can understand the spoken language before we develop our speaking skills.
With TPR the student is not forced to speak, but is allowed an individual readiness period and allowed to spontaneously begin to speak when he or she feels comfortable and confident in understanding and producing the utterances.
Basic TPR Technique
The teacher introduces the language through the use of commands (imperative sentences) and has students demonstrate their understanding through action responses.
Step 1 - The teacher says the command (sit down; turn the page; get your pen out; etc. ) as he himself performs the action.
Step 2 - The teacher says the command as both the teacher and the students then perform the action.
Step 3 - The teacher says the command but only students perform the action
Step 4 - The teacher tells one student at a time to do commands
Step 5 - The roles of teacher and student are reversed. Students give commands to teacher and to other students.
Step 6 - The teacher and student allow for command expansion or produces new sentences.
While the initial instructions are simple, within a few minutes directions can be expanded in complexity such as:
As the training advances, past tense, future tense, and essentially all the elements of the target language can be woven into these commands.
The TPR Idea Man
James J. Asher developed his teaching technique over 30 years ago. If you are looking at incorporating TPR techniques in your lessons we recommend you read Learning Another Language Through Actions.
