Past Participles
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A Past Participle is a verb form which indicates a past or completed action or time. It's often called the -ed form as in regular verbs this is how it is formed i.e. it often has the same form as the simple past of the verb.
Contents |
Form
The past participle is usually formed by adding -ed to the end of a regular verb. There is no simple rule for making the past participle with irregular verbs so they just have to be learnt.
| verb | past participle |
| regular verbs | |
| walk | walked |
| open | opened |
| kick | kicked |
| some common irregular verbs | |
| eat | ate |
| come | came |
| fly | flew |
| know | knew |
| leave | left |
| make | made |
Usage
The past participle can be used in different ways.
Perfect Tenses
The past participle is used to make the various perfect tenses (both active and passive).
I had eaten before you arrived.
Participle Phrases
It can be used to form a participle phrase.
Annoyed by his incompetance, I sacked him on the spot.
Burnt to a crisp, I couldn't eat the meat.
Participle Adjectives
We can sometimes use the past participle as an adjective:
The burnt meat tasted awful.
I was determined to finish the book even though it was dull.
