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Got vs Gotten

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Grammar > English Usage
Grammar > Parts of Speech > Verbs
Grammar > Vocabulary

Got and Gotten are often considered to be synonyms in British English & American English. However, this is not so.

Gotten is one of two possible past participles of the verb, get in American English:

get - got - got or gotten


Origin

Gotten has been in use since the 4th century and was still in use by Shakespeare, for example in Richard III he writes:

With much ado at length have gotten leave
To look upon my sometimes royal master's face.

When America was colonised, speakers of English in both the old country and the new country all used gotten. However, over time in Britain the original past participle faded away and was simply replaced by got.

get - got - got

Compare this to the way in which forget has not changed in British English:

forget - forgot - forgotten


Usage

In American English, both got and gotten are used as a past participle. However, there is a distinct difference between them.

Got is used to show ownership:

Yes, I have got a car.
in my collection I have got over 3,000 DVDs.

Gotten is used to show acquisition, development or movement:

I've gotten over 10,000 signatures on the petition!
He's gotten worse since we last saw him.
He's gotten away!

Gotten, then, has a more dynamic sense whilst got is static. However, some American commentators regard all use of gotten as vulgar.

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